Page 704-712 "World War & Republican France 1791-1799"

Outside of France, many people such as, liberals and radicals, hoped that the revolution would lead to a reordering of society everywhere. However, conservatives believed otherwise. They believed changes would result in chaos and tyranny. Fear spread among numerous European kings and nobility. They thought that the revolution would spread, thus, they created the Declaration of Pillnitz. This threatened the invasion of France by Austria and Prussia. In retaliation to this, France declared war on Austria.
The "Second Revolution" and intense radicalization took place in France. France was proclaimed a republic. The national convention was split between Girondists and the Mountain, led by Robespierre and Danton. Louis XVI was tried and convicted. He was guillotined in early 1793. The war against tyranny continued in France, as they declared war on most of Europe, including Britain.
The Reign of Terror was led by Robespierre. He instituted this program to eliminate opposition to the revolution. As a result, approx. 40,000 people were jailed or executed. However, Robespierre also made positive changes. He fixed prices on key products and instituted rationing to help the poor.
The Thermidorian reaction came as a result to Robespierre's rule. The Reign of Terror eventually led to Robespierre's death. The country was in great fear of him and the only solution was death. The Thermidorian reaction was marked by return to bourgeois liberalism. It also marked the end of the poor losing fervor for revolution. Riots by the poor were also put down.
Thus, the middle class established another constitution to protect power. The Directory was formed. It consisted of a five man executive board. However, a military dictatorship was formed by Napoleon. He did this to prevent return to peace and monarchy.